排序方式： 共有49条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Climatic change: Causal correlations over the last 240 Ma 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Stuart A. Harris 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(3):0259-0274
The climate of the Earth has been oscillating between mega warm periods and mega cold periods for 3,000 Ma. Each mega cold period included alternating major warm and cold events. The present mega cold period commenced about 44 Ma in the polar regions as the seas cooled following the loss of the circum-equatorial ocean. Before then, a mega warm period lasted for more than 200 Ma. The frequency of the major cold events within the present mega cold period is increasing, with each continent being under the influence of a different set of climatic controls. There are many causes of these shifts in climate, ranging from fluctuating meridional ocean currents, rearrangement of tectonic plates, and changes in ocean gateways. These are enhanced by a combination of Milankovitch cycles and many other medium to small oscillations and cyclic controls that cause the daily, monthly, and seasonal fluctuations in weather. Examples are given of how these can cause a change from cold to warm events, or vice versa, at present-day or mega scales, aided by eustatic changes in sea levels and changes in the distribution of air masses, sea ice, and snow. 相似文献
22.
James Rose Jenni Turner Elaine Turton James B. Riding Adrian Palmer John K. Wright Jonathan R. Lee Nicholas S. J. Q. Bullimore 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(4):547-569
This paper provides a record and analysis of a site in east-midland England, at which organic and soil material are found between two Middle Pleistocene tills. This is the first discovery of its kind in the area, and demonstrates unequivocally that the region was glaciated on two separate occasions, something that has long been inferred and articulated, but not actually demonstrated. The landforms, sediments and soils are studied with respect to their geomorphological, lithological, pedological, palaeobotanical and structural properties. The organic and soil material along with soil structures indicate, sequentially, a periglacial climate, a long period of warm temperate weathering and a cool temperate climate. Evaluation of this evidence in terms of existing published work identifies a number of problems with existing models and suggests that the most likely model for the glacial history of this part of midland England is an early Middle Pleistocene glaciation which is represented only by trace erratics, a Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12 age glaciation which moved across the area from the NW and deposited a chalk-free till, and an MIS 8 age glaciation that transported and deposited an upper chalky till from the NE. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
23.
原地宇宙成因核素(TCN)测年靶标制备 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
自20世纪80年代以来,得益于高能加速器质谱的发展及其分析精度的提高,TCN测年技术得到了快速发展,并被成功应用于解决诸多领域关键性的年代学问题研究中,对地学的发展也起到了革命性的推动作用。TCN测年由测年靶标制备、AMS测量及数据分析等步骤组成。其中测年靶标制备直接影响AMS的测量结果,进而影响可靠年代学框架的建立与古气候环境的重建。测年靶标制备首先是代表性样品的采集,继而是所用靶标矿物的提纯,再者是所测元素的分离提取,最后是靶标压制。此处以第四纪冰川研究中应用较为广泛的TCN放射性核素10Be与26Al为例,结合冰川侵蚀与沉积地貌的分布及其特征,从样品采集、石英提纯、10Be与26Al核素的分离提取及最后的靶标压制等方面展开论述,以期为初涉第四纪冰川研究的学者提供TCN测年靶标制备的理论指导,同时也为地学其他研究领域该测年技术的应用提供参考。 相似文献
24.
Late Cenozoic Geology and Paleo-environment Change in the Eastern Edge of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
ZHAO Zhizhong QIAO Yansong WANG Shubing YAO Haitao WANG Yan LI Chaozhu FU Jianli LIU Zongxiu LI Mingze MIAO Qi JIANG Fuchu 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5):959-966
There are late Cenozoic lacustrine deposits and loess and red clay and moraines in eastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Various genetic sediments recorded rich information on late Cenozoic paleo-environment changes. Xigeda lacustrine formed during 4.2 Ma B.P.-2.6 Ma B.P. There were 9 periodic warm-cold alternations. Eolian deposition in western Sichuan began at 1.15 Ma B.P. The loess-soil sequences recorded successively 14 paleo-monsoon climate cycles. Laterite in Chengdu plain recorded 5 stages of paleoclimatic stages since 1.13 Ma B.P. There was an old glacial period of 4.3 Ma B.P. in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. During Quaternary, there are 5 extreme paleoclimatic events corresponding with 5 glaciations. 相似文献
25.
A pre-Ipswichian cold stage mammalian fauna from the Balderton Sand and Gravel,Lincolnshire, England
The Balderton Sand and Gravel has yielded one of very few mammalian faunas dated to the penultimate Cold Stage in Britain. The assemblage is dominated by mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, with subordinate horse, red deer, bison, straight-tusked elephant, musk ox, reindeer, wolf, lion, brown bear and cf. narrow-nosed rhinoceros. This fauna indicates cold stage conditions, probably including one or more interstadial episodes. The presence of straight-tusked elephant and cf. narrow-nosed rhinoceros supports its pre-Devensian age, and provides corroboration for the occurrence of these taxa in the British Wolstonian. An attempt is made to analyse the fossil collection by preservation type and adhering sediment: the occurrence of individual species appears to be largely uncorrelated with lithology. The Balderton assemblage corresponds well to other British mammal faunas assigned to a cold interval between the Hoxnian and Ipswichian Interglacials. 相似文献
26.
Kenneth Hewitt 《Quaternary Research》1999,51(3):220
A history and conception of glacial events for the central Karakoram Himalaya, proposed some 80 years ago by Giotto Dainelli, are largely accepted today. However, certain deposits identified as terminal moraine complexes marking glacial episodes were actually emplaced by rock avalanches. In the Skardu and Shigar intermontane basins of Baltistan, at least 15 rock avalanche events were previously mapped as moraine or till. Criteria used for distinguishing these catastrophic landslide deposits emphasize homogeneous lithology of rubble and matrix, clast shape, facies characteristics, the large scale unity of emplacement, and morphological relations to valley topography. The deposits of three events, at Katzarah, Satpura, and the north end of Shigar Valley, have been reconstructed in detail. Thick supraglacial debris does not result in similar deposits. Extensive valley fills, river terraces, large sediment fans, and lacustrine sediments formerly attributed to late-glacial conditions are reinterpreted as postglacial events involving rock avalanches that interrupted fluvial development. Existing reconstructions of glaciations are left in doubt, especially late-glacial events in the central Karakoram, as are the roles assigned to Karakoram, main Indus Valley, and western Himalayan ice. 相似文献
27.
This study presents results from geomorphological mapping and cosmogenic radionuclide dating (10Be) of moraine sequences at Otgon Tenger (3905 m), the highest peak in the Khangai Mountains (central Mongolia). Our findings indicate that glaciers reached their last maximum extent between 40 and 35 ka during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Large ice advances also occurred during MIS-2 (at ~ 23 and 17–16 ka), but these advances did not exceed the limits reached during MIS-3. The results indicate that climatic conditions during MIS-3, characterized by a cool-wet climate with a greater-than-today input from winter precipitation, generated the most favorable setting for glaciation in the study region. Yet, glacial accumulation also responded positively to the far colder and drier conditions of MIS-2, and again during the last glacial–interglacial transition when precipitation levels increased. Viewed in context of other Pleistocene glacial records from High Asia, the pattern of glaciation in central Mongolia shares some features with records from southern Central Asia and NE-Tibet (i.e. ice maxima during interstadial wet phases), while other features of the Mongolian record (i.e. major ice expansion during the MIS-2 insolation minimum) are more in tune with glacier responses known from Siberia and western Central Asia. 相似文献
28.
新元古代冰碛岩地层记录了“雪球地球”极端气候事件重要的地质信息。塔里木地块东北缘库鲁克塔格地区、西北缘阿克苏地区和西南缘叶城地区新元古代冰碛岩地层露头发育,是研究新元古代冰期事件的理想基地。文章基于塔里木地块周缘新元古界详实的野外地质调查工作,综合了地层学、同位素年代学、岩石地球化学等研究,聚焦冰碛岩地层沉积时代这一核心问题,建立新元古代冰期格架。冰期事件对比显示,贝义西冰期(库鲁克塔格地区)相当于Kaigas冰期(国际),阿勒通沟冰期(库鲁克塔格地区)、巧恩布拉克冰期(阿克苏地区)、波龙冰期(叶城地区)相当于Sturtian冰期(国际),特瑞爱肯冰期(库鲁克塔格地区)、尤尔美那克冰期(阿克苏地区)、雨塘冰期(叶城地区)相当于Marinoan冰期(国际),汉格尔乔克冰期(库鲁克塔格地区)相当于Gaskiers冰期(国际)。同时基于冰期事件对比关系,建议根据国际地层委员会的最新划分方案将塔里木地块南华系底界调整为与全球性Sturtian冰期沉积底界相当的层位。通过探讨新元古代冰期事件与古老烃源岩发育的耦合关系,分析了新元古界优质烃源岩的发育潜力,指出塔里木地块新元古界具备良好的油气成藏地... 相似文献
29.
Correlating Alpine glaciation with Adriatic sea‐level changes through lake and alluvial stratigraphy
Giovanni Monegato Roberta Pini Cesare Ravazzi Paula J. Reimer Lucia Wick 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(8):791-804
We compare lake and alluvial stratigraphy along a frame connecting the southern Alpine foothills and the Adriatic Sea, with the aim of matching the effects of Alpine glaciation and sea‐level changes on sedimentation during the last glacial cycle. The palynostratigraphy of Lake Fimon provided proxies for regional vegetation and climate change and was coupled with sediment petrography, loss on ignition and magnetic susceptibility, disentangling alluvial phases from fluvioglacial activity related to culminations of the southeastern Alpine glaciers. The Fimon area was not reached by alluvial fans during the penultimate glacial maximum, nor by the sea transgression during the last interglacial, but a closed lake soon developed at the Eemian onset due to enhanced rainfall. Sea‐level fall at glacial inception triggered the entrenchment of the drainage network in the plain reaching the outer Fimon Basin. Slow aggradation, but no sign of fluvioglacial activity, lasted to 38.2 ± 1.45 cal. ka BP, when a major forest withdrawal took place, coeval to the spread of alluvial fans. By 27.5 ± 0.5 cal. ka BP the Fimon Basin was dammed by the Brenta outwash system. The main step of of forest recovery commenced at around (15.8) cal. ka BP, when apex trenching of the outwash fans was triggered by the glacier's decay. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
30.
Glaciation is considered as one of the main natural processes that can have a significant impact on the long term performance of a deep geological nuclear waste repository (DGR) located in the Northern Hemisphere. The northern part of the American continent has been subjected to a series of strong glaciation and deglaciation events over the past million years. The last glacial cycle in the Northern Hemisphere started approximately 110,000 year ago. During that cycle, southern Ontario was buried under a continental ice sheet, with a maximum thickness of up to 3000 m at about 20,000 years ago. The ice cap retreated approximately 10,000 years ago. However, field data from deep boreholes in sedimentary rocks of southern Ontario show anomalous pore water pressure including underpressure and overpressure zones. In this paper, a large-scale coupled hydro-mechanical (HM) model is developed to investigate the hydro-mechanical (HM) response of the sedimentary rocks of southern Ontario to past glacial cycles. Particular emphasis has been placed on the evolution of pore water pressures and surface displacements. The HM model is verified using analytical solutions. The results of the large-scale HM modeling study shows that the past glaciation, particularly the second cycle (22,000 apb) had significant impact on the pore water pressure gradient and effective stress distribution in the sedimentary rocks of southern Ontario. Furthermore, good agreement between the large scale modeling results and anomalous pressures leads us to the conclusion that these anomalies could be glacially induced. The results of this research can provide information that will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of future glaciations on the long term performance of DRGs in sedimentary rocks. 相似文献